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Resurrection of Jesus | Is the Bible Reliable? | Biology and the Bible

Resurrection of Jesus

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Is the Bible Reliable?

Christians make the claim that the Bible, as we know it today, is actually God's Word written to us. They also claim that it's God's only word to us. But how did the Bible we know today come to be?

First Things First

Often, people wonder whether the Bible is reliable. How can we be sure that a collection of documents written many centuries ago has been faithfully and correctly transmitted to us today? This is a good and valid question. Fortunately, we don't need to rely on the myth of 'blind faith' to answer it. We apply the same tests to the biblical documents as we would to any other ancient writing.

In 1952, a professor of military history, Sanders, set down three tests which can be used for any historical writing. He named these tests the bibliographic test, the internal test, and the external test. We can examine the Bible with these tests in the same way we would examine other ancient documents.

The Bibliographic Test - How Well Were the Original Documents Transmitted to Us Today?

Whenever a document is written, there is always only one original. This is the document from which copies are made. Sometimes, many copies will be made. Other times, only a few will be made. What we want to find out is, if we had to construct the original document from the copies, how accurate would it be? Clearly, 100% accuracy would be a perfect copy.

The Old Testament

There are very few copies of the original Old Testament writings. This is because copies were lost, ceremonially buried when worn out, or destroyed if imperfections were discovered. Before 1947, the earliest Hebrew manuscript available was the Masoretic text. But in 1947, the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered. The amazing thing about these scrolls is that they are dated between 200 BC, and 68 AD. Yet there are very few variations between these two manuscripts. No variations affect the meaning of the documents in any way.

The New Testament

Archaeologists have found copies of quite a few ancient manuscripts, written by different authors. This table is a good comparison.

Taken from I'm Glad You Asked, by Boa & Moody.

Apart from the New Testament, the only other ancient writing which has any level of accuracy associated with it, is Homer. And yet the New Testament has a far higher degree of accuracy than Homer. Scholars universally accept the copies of Homer's writings as being accurate. It is undeniable, then, that the New Testament is by far the most accurately reconstructed ancient document. It passes the bibliographic test with flying colours.

The Internal Test - Do The Writers of the Bible Claim Their Writings Are True?

In any document, we are justified in discovering what the writer of that document says about it. For example, this article is part of the web site of Elizabeth Church of Christ. It has been written by someone who is part of the Elizabeth Church of Christ. But this article is not the Word of God, nor does it claim to be. If there were a copyright statement, along the lines of "This article is God's Message to People on Earth", you, the reader, would be entitled to investigate. We can do the same with the Bible.

Many of the writers of the New Testament were eyewitnesses of Jesus. They saw him, knew all about him, and in some cases, were his followers. And they said as much:

• The eyewitness to these things has presented an accurate report. He saw it himself, and is telling the truth, so that you also will believe.
• From the very first day, we were there, taking it all in - we heard it with our own ears, saw it with our own eyes, verified it with our own hands.
• We were there on the holy mountain with Jesus. We heard the voice out of heaven with our very own ears. We couldn't be more sure of what we heard - God's glory, God's voice.

Even when the writers were not eyewitnesses, they showed that their writings were not made up from thin air:

• So many others have tried their hand at putting together a story of the wonderful harvest of Scripture and history that took place among us, using reports handed down by the original eyewitnesses who served this Word with their very lives. Since I have investigated all the reports in close detail, starting from the story's beginning, I decided to write it all out.

And since the New Testament was written between AD 47 and AD 95, there was just not enough time for myths and falsehoods about Jesus to grow. There were enough eyewitnesses of Jesus to challenge any historical errors, or blatant lies. Yet no-one did. The Bible passes the internal test.

The External Test - What Does Outside Evidence Say About the Bible?

Because the Bible is a collection of documents written within history, it contains references to history which can be verified by archaeology. It is interesting that before the 20th century, many critics of the Bible discredited it, due to lack of evidence for certain biblical claims. Yet, in the 20th century, archaeology exploded, and all such claims have been reversed. Archaeology has made astonishing finds which provide evidence for the claims of the Bible. Archaeology cannot prove the Bible, but every new find gives more weight to the historical accuracy of the Bible.

Here are just a few examples of the historical reliability of the Bible:

• Critics once claimed that the Law of Moses could not have been written by Moses, since writing was largely unknown at that time (about 1500 BC). Then, the Laws of Hammurabi (1700 BC) were found. This showed that writing was definitely known at that time, and left no reason why Moses could not have written the Law of Moses.
• For a long time, critics questioned the accuracy of Daniel 5, which mentions a Babylonian King named Belshazzar. Archaeological records show that Nabonidus was king at the time, and do not mention Belshazzar. Yet, in 1956, three stone slabs were found. These slabs showed that while Nabonidus went off to war to fight the Persians, he entrusted the kingdom to his son, Belshazzar.
• Many critics have tried to discredit Luke as an accurate historian. So far they have been unsuccessful. A notable example is where Luke says that Lysanius is the Tetrarch of Abilene. Recently, archaeologists found two Greek inscriptions, which show that Lysanius was the Tetrarch of Abilene between 14 and 29 AD.
• In the past, people have doubted whether Jesus even existed. Was he a historical person, or a made-up character? In fact, early Greek, Roman and Jewish sources make mention of Jesus. These include Tacitus (Annals), Suetonius (Life of Claudius, Lives of the Caesars), Pliny the Younger (Epistles) and Lucian (On the Death of Peregrine). As well, there is a letter from a Syrian, Mara Bar-Serapion, to his son. In it, he compares the deaths of Socrates, Pythagoras and Jesus.

The Bible has no problem meeting the external test.

In fact, when the bibliographic test, the internal test and the external test are applied to the Bible, the Bible emerges as a completely trustworthy book. This is even more amazing considering how many different writers contributed to the Bible. It points to a "common author", God, and shows how God not only gives a message to us, but also takes care to ensure that we can trust that message.

Copied with permission from www.newchristian.org.uk

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Biology and the Bible

The design of the cell points to God
By Christopher Morrison

Christians have long pointed to the heavens as evidence of God’s design, but recent studies on the inner-workings of the cell point strongly to hand of the Creator. Here are three examples for you to consider:

1. The bacterial flagellum: Bacteria are single celled organisms, and many have the ability to propel themselves through their environment using a small device called a flagellum. In short, it is a molecular outboard motor. Note: it is not like a motor. It actually is a motor, complete with a driveshaft, rotor, stator, propeller, electric system, u-joint, etc. Further, like any motor designed by any engineer, if even one part is taken away, the entire system ceases to function. Imagine a car engine without pistons, a starter, or battery. They all have to be there for it to work. This means that evolution could not have created it by small, incremental mutations, because the entire system must exist in a fully assembled fashion to work at all. Scientists call this irreducible complexity (IC), meaning that a complex piece of machinery cannot be further reduced without destroying its functionality. IC requires forethought, which requires a designer. The bacterial flagellum, then, being irreducibly complex, points to a Designer.

2. Biology’s “Chicken and Egg” problem - DNA and Protein: DNA is a special molecule that is like a blueprint for building everything in a person, plant, animal, etc. In order for anything multiply, it must be able to pass its DNA on to its offspring. In other words, there has to be a way to copy DNA from generation to generation. Cells do that by using tiny molecular machines called proteins. Proteins, in fact, do a lot more than just copy DNA--they do just about everything a cell needs to live.

But where does the cell get the information to build proteins? Like everything else, it looks at the blueprint: DNA. Thus, the DNA gives the cell the information it needs to build the proteins, and those proteins are used to copy the DNA to be passed on to the next generation.

That, however, creates a chick-and-egg problem. Which came first? If DNA did not exist, then cells could not create proteins since there would be no instruction manual. And if proteins did not exist, then DNA could not be copied to the next generation. Both had to arise at the same time! That, however, points to a Designer.

3. Molecular Convergence: Imagine if two people were asked to design a car and a few months later they both came back with the same thing, down to the placement of nuts and bolts. Or imagine if two people were asked to write a book on any subject they liked, and later they came back only to discover they had written the same book, word for word. Anyone who saw that would immediately know that one had cheated off the other or they both copied from the same source. Scientists have found exactly this oddity in nature. It is called molecular convergence.

According to evolution, life forms evolve by millions of tiny, random changes passed on from generation to generation. But that means we should never see the exact same evolutionary results in non-related species. As one scientist has said, if you could somehow rewind life’s tape and start all over again, the results would be completely different today. There is no reason to think the same random changes would occur again to produce the world as we know it.

But scientists have found hundreds of examples of the same systems supposedly evolving in nature. One example of this is the system by which the cell copies DNA. By itself, it is an extremely complex process that presents a major problem for evolutionists. Yet recently scientists discovered that the process has developed twice in exactly the same way in two unrelated types of organisms.

How could nature have blindly and randomly built the same system, or written the same book, twice? The evolutionary model says it can’t, and yet reality says it’s happened not once, but hundreds of times. The best explanation is that a Designer developed these systems and implemented it in different places throughout nature.
 Many examples showing God's design could be given, possibly with no end.  God does exist and He can be known in an intimate, personal way. If you need more information about Jesus' claim to divinity, or about God's existence, or if you have similar important questions, please email us.

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